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Hampshire is a county in the South of England; bordered to the West by Dorset and Wiltshire, to the North by Berkshire, and to the East by Surrey and West Sussex. It is a county with diverse scenery and geology and, as of 2006, will be one of only two counties in England to contain (parts of) two National Parks – these being The New Forest and The South Downs. The New Forest National Park contains not only some of the UK’s most precious ancient woodland, but also important heathland and bogs. The South Downs National Park, which stretches from Winchester in Hampshire to Eastbourne in East Sussex, is celebrated for its rolling green hills and iconic chalk downland, dotted with quintessentially English villages. Hampshire is also fortunate to have a beautiful coastline; the beaches along this stretch of the South Coast are typically gravely. Hampshire also boasts a proud naval and military history – the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth are the homes of the Merchant and Royal Navies respectively, while in the North East of the county, Aldershot has been the home of the British Army since 1854.
There is evidence that the area now known as Hampshire was inhabited during the Neolithic period; Salisbury Plain and The South Downs have an abundance of hill forts dating from this era. The region was also one of the first in Britain to be colonised by the Romans, and the towns of Winchester (Venta) and Silchester (Calleva) were important during the Roman occupation. After the Romans departed Hampshire became part of the Anglo Saxon Kingdom of Wessex, and the town of Winchester again came to the fore as the seat of Saxon kings - most notably Alfred the Great - to whom a statue stands in the town today. As highlighted earlier, Hampshire has been an integral part in Great Britain’s military and naval history, and the region served with distinction during the Second World War – in addition to the county’s naval and military bases, The Battle of Britain raged above the county during the summer of 1940, the skies reverberating to the roar of the Supermarine Spitfires’ Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. The Spitfire’s maiden flight had been from Eastleigh Aerodrome – now Southampton Airport – in 1936.
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